科学家呼吁全球携手创建AI虚拟细胞
科技日报讯 （记者张佳欣）美国斯坦福大学、基因泰克制药公司和陈-扎克伯格基金会的科学家团队在发表于最新一期《细胞》杂志的论文中指出，鉴于人工智能（AI）的最新进展，以及关于人类生物学的大规模实验数据已达到关键量级，科学界迎来了一个“前所未有的机遇”，可以利用AI来创建虚拟人类细胞。这种细胞将能够代表和模拟人类生物分子、细胞乃至最终组织和器官的精确行为。
这种合成细胞模型将使人们更深入地理解健康人类细胞工作中化学、电学、力学，以及其他力量和过程的复杂相互作用，并揭示导致细胞功能障碍或死亡的疾病的根本原因。
论文称，也许更令人期待的是，AI虚拟细胞还将使科学家能够在计算机上进行实验，而无需在活体细胞和生物体上进行实验。这种能力将拓展人类对人体生物学的认知，加速新药研发和新疗法出现。
借助AI虚拟细胞，癌症生物学家可以模拟某些突变如何将健康细胞转变为恶性细胞，微生物学家能够预测病毒对感染细胞乃至宿主身体的影响，医生能在患者的“数字孪生体”上测试治疗方法，从而加速实现人们期待已久的更快速、更经济、更安全的个性化医疗目标。
然而，论文表示，要想获得成功，AI虚拟细胞需要实现3个目标：首先，它必须使研究人员能够创建跨物种和细胞类型的通用表征；其次，它必须准确预测细胞功能、行为和动态，并理解细胞机制；最后，AI虚拟细胞还要能在计算机上进行实验，以检验假设并指导数据收集，从而以远低于当前的成本和速度扩展虚拟细胞的能力。
论文认为，AI在科学界开创了一个拥有可预测、可生成、可查询工具的时代。但实现AI虚拟细胞绝非易事，需要遗传学、蛋白质组学、医学成像等领域的全球开放科学合作。
该论文提议，全球学术界、工业界和非营利组织等全球利益相关方之间密切合作，共同创建世界首个AI虚拟细胞。但论文也警告称，进行任何有关AI虚拟细胞的工作都有一个前提，即所得模型将不受限制地向整个科学界开放。
版权声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽。
已有 0条评论，共0赞
| 验证码： |
 |
| 最新评论 |
|
element block and removes
// previous instances of the identical script.
var found = false;
for (var child = 0; child < head.childNodes.length; child++) {
var control = head.childNodes[child];
if (typeof(control.tagName) == "string") {
if (control.tagName.toUpperCase() == "SCRIPT") {
if (script.src.length > 0) {
if (script.src == control.src) {
found = true;
break;
}
} else if (script.innerHTML.length > 0) {
if (script.innerHTML == control.innerHTML) {
found = true;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if (found) {
head.removeChild(control);
}
var scriptAddedToHead = false;
if (typeof script.readyState != "undefined" && !window.opera) {
script.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (script.readyState != "complete" && script.readyState != "loaded") {
return;
} else {
Anthem_LoadPageScript(result, index + 1);
}
}
} else {
if (isExternalScript) // if it's an external script, only execute the next script when the previous one is loaded.
{
script.onload = function() {
Anthem_LoadPageScript(result, index + 1);
}
}
else // I didn't find a way for script blocks to fire some onload event. So in this case directly call the Anthem_LoadPageScript for the next script.
{
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);
scriptAddedToHead = true;
Anthem_LoadPageScript(result, index + 1);
}
}
// Now we append the new script and move on to the next script.
// Note that this is a recursive function. It stops when the
// index grows larger than the number of scripts.
if (!scriptAddedToHead)
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);
}
} catch (e) {
Anthem_DebugError("Error adding page script to head. " + e.name + ": " + e.message);
}
}
}
function Anthem_EvalClientSideScript(result) {
if (result.script) {
for (var i = 0; i < result.script.length; ++i) {
try {
eval(result.script[i]);
} catch (e) {
alert("Error evaluating client-side script!\n\nScript: " + result.script[i] + "\n\nException: " + e);
}
}
}
}
//Fix for bug #1429412, "Reponse callback returns previous response after file push".
//see http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1429412&group_id=151897&atid=782464
function Anthem_Clear__EVENTTARGET() {
var form = Anthem_GetForm();
Anthem_SetHiddenInputValue(form, "__EVENTTARGET", "");
}
function Anthem_InvokePageMethod(methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg) {
Anthem_Clear__EVENTTARGET(); // fix for bug #1429412
return Anthem_CallBack(null, "Page", null, methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg, true, true);
}
function Anthem_InvokeMasterPageMethod(methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg) {
Anthem_Clear__EVENTTARGET(); // fix for bug #1429412
return Anthem_CallBack(null, "MasterPage", null, methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg, true, true);
}
function Anthem_InvokeControlMethod(id, methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg) {
Anthem_Clear__EVENTTARGET(); // fix for bug #1429412
return Anthem_CallBack(null, "Control", id, methodName, args, clientCallBack, clientCallBackArg, true, true);
}
function Anthem_PreProcessCallBack(
control,
e,
eventTarget,
causesValidation,
validationGroup,
imageUrlDuringCallBack,
textDuringCallBack,
enabledDuringCallBack,
preCallBackFunction,
callBackCancelledFunction,
preProcessOut
) {
var valid = true;
if (causesValidation && typeof(Page_ClientValidate) == "function") {
valid = Page_ClientValidate(validationGroup);
}
if (typeof(WebForm_OnSubmit) == "function") {
valid = WebForm_OnSubmit();
}
if (valid) {
var preCallBackResult = true;
if (typeof(preCallBackFunction) == "function") {
preCallBackResult = preCallBackFunction(control, e);
}
if (typeof(preCallBackResult) == "undefined" || preCallBackResult) {
var inputType = control.getAttribute("type");
inputType = (inputType == null) ? '' : inputType.toUpperCase();
if (inputType == "IMAGE" && e != null) {
var form = Anthem_GetForm();
if (e.offsetX) { // IE
Anthem_SetHiddenInputValue(form, eventTarget + ".x", e.offsetX);
Anthem_SetHiddenInputValue(form, eventTarget + ".y", e.offsetY);
} else { // FireFox + ???
var offset = GetControlLocation(control);
Anthem_SetHiddenInputValue(form, eventTarget + ".x", e.clientX - offset.x + 1 + window.pageXOffset);
Anthem_SetHiddenInputValue(form, eventTarget + ".y", e.clientY - offset.y + 1 + window.pageYOffset);
}
}
if (imageUrlDuringCallBack || textDuringCallBack) {
var nodeName = control.nodeName.toUpperCase();
if (nodeName == "INPUT") {
if (inputType == "CHECKBOX" || inputType == "RADIO" || inputType == "TEXT") {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = GetLabelText(control.id);
SetLabelText(control.id, textDuringCallBack);
} else if (inputType == "IMAGE") {
if (imageUrlDuringCallBack) {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = control.src;
control.src = imageUrlDuringCallBack;
} else {
preProcessOut.ParentElement = control.parentElement ? control.parentElement : control.parentNode;
if (preProcessOut.ParentElement) {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = preProcessOut.ParentElement.innerHTML;
preProcessOut.ParentElement.innerHTML = textDuringCallBack;
}
}
} else if (inputType == "SUBMIT" || inputType == "BUTTON") {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = control.value;
control.value = textDuringCallBack;
}
} else if (nodeName == "SELECT" || nodeName == "SPAN") {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = GetLabelText(control.id);
SetLabelText(control.id, textDuringCallBack);
} else {
preProcessOut.OriginalText = control.innerHTML;
control.innerHTML = textDuringCallBack;
}
}
// Disable the control during callback if required
control.disabled = (typeof(enabledDuringCallBack) == "undefined") ? false : !enabledDuringCallBack;
return true;
} else {
// Callback cancelled
if (typeof(callBackCancelledFunction) == "function") {
callBackCancelledFunction(control, e);
}
return false;
}
} else {
// Validation failed
return false;
}
}
function Anthem_PreProcessCallBackOut() {
// Fields
this.ParentElement = null;
this.OriginalText = '';
}
function Anthem_PostProcessCallBack(
result,
control,
e,
eventTarget,
clientCallBack,
clientCallBackArg,
imageUrlDuringCallBack,
textDuringCallBack,
postCallBackFunction,
preProcessOut
) {
if (typeof(postCallBackFunction) == "function") {
postCallBackFunction(control, e);
}
// Re-enable the control if it was disabled during callback
control.disabled = false;
var inputType = control.getAttribute("type");
inputType = (inputType == null) ? '' : inputType.toUpperCase();
if (inputType == "IMAGE") {
var form = Anthem_GetForm();
Anthem_RemoveHiddenInput(form, eventTarget + ".x");
Anthem_RemoveHiddenInput(form, eventTarget + ".y");
}
if (imageUrlDuringCallBack || textDuringCallBack) {
var nodeName = control.nodeName.toUpperCase();
if (nodeName == "INPUT") {
if (inputType == "CHECKBOX" || inputType == "RADIO" || inputType == "TEXT") {
SetLabelText(control.id, preProcessOut.OriginalText);
} else if (inputType == "IMAGE") {
if (imageUrlDuringCallBack) {
control.src = preProcessOut.OriginalText;
} else {
preProcessOut.ParentElement.innerHTML = preProcessOut.OriginalText;
}
} else if (inputType == "SUBMIT" || inputType == "BUTTON") {
control.value = preProcessOut.OriginalText;
}
} else if (nodeName == "SELECT" || nodeName == "SPAN") {
SetLabelText(control.id, preProcessOut.OriginalText);
} else {
control.innerHTML = preProcessOut.OriginalText;
}
}
if (typeof(clientCallBack) == "function") {
clientCallBack(result, clientCallBackArg);
}
}
function Anthem_FireCallBackEvent(
control,
e,
eventTarget,
eventArgument,
causesValidation,
validationGroup,
imageUrlDuringCallBack,
textDuringCallBack,
enabledDuringCallBack,
preCallBackFunction,
postCallBackFunction,
callBackCancelledFunction,
includeControlValuesWithCallBack,
updatePageAfterCallBack
) {
// Cancel the callback if the control is disabled. Although most controls will
// not raise their callback event if they are disabled, the LinkButton will.
// This check is for the LinkButton. See SourceForge Patch 1639700.
if (control.disabled) return;
var preProcessOut = new Anthem_PreProcessCallBackOut();
var preProcessResult = Anthem_PreProcessCallBack(
control,
e,
eventTarget,
causesValidation,
validationGroup,
imageUrlDuringCallBack,
textDuringCallBack,
enabledDuringCallBack,
preCallBackFunction,
callBackCancelledFunction,
preProcessOut
);
if (preProcessResult) {
var eventType = e.type;
Anthem_FireEvent(
eventTarget,
eventArgument,
function(result) {
Anthem_PostProcessCallBack(
result,
control,
eventType,
eventTarget,
null,
null,
imageUrlDuringCallBack,
textDuringCallBack,
postCallBackFunction,
preProcessOut
);
},
null,
includeControlValuesWithCallBack,
updatePageAfterCallBack
);
}
}
function AnthemListControl_OnClick(
e,
causesValidation,
validationGroup,
textDuringCallBack,
enabledDuringCallBack,
preCallBackFunction,
postCallBackFunction,
callBackCancelledFunction,
includeControlValuesWithCallBack,
updatePageAfterCallBack
) {
var target = e.target || e.srcElement;
if (target.nodeName.toUpperCase() == "LABEL" && target.htmlFor != '')
return;
var eventTarget = target.id.split("_").join("$");
Anthem_FireCallBackEvent(
target,
e,
eventTarget,
'',
causesValidation,
validationGroup,
'',
textDuringCallBack,
enabledDuringCallBack,
preCallBackFunction,
postCallBackFunction,
callBackCancelledFunction,
true,
true
);
}
// Returns the top, left control location in FireFox
function GetControlLocation(control) {
var offsetX = 0;
var offsetY = 0;
var parent;
for (parent = control; parent; parent = parent.offsetParent) {
if (parent.offsetLeft) {
offsetX += parent.offsetLeft;
}
if (parent.offsetTop) {
offsetY += parent.offsetTop;
}
}
