过去20余年betway体育:水库总库容增长90.8%
记者12月12日从betway体育注册:南京地理与湖泊研究所了解到，该所研究员张运林团队研究发现，2000年以来，betway体育:对众多水库的水利基础设施进行了大量投资，总库容增加了4.704×1011立方米，增长了90.8%。这些水库大大增加了可供饮用的淡水资源。相关研究近日发表于《科学通报》。
betway体育:拥有14亿庞大人口，由于人均水资源不足、水资源时空分配不均和广泛的水污染等问题，实现联合国饮用水可持续发展目标面临着重大挑战。为实现可持续发展目标，我国采取了重大举措解决水资源分布不均问题，提高水质，保障饮用水安全。
研究发现，全国有面积1平方千米以上湖泊2670个、水库5156座。2000年以来，我国水库修建、扩容以及南水北调中线调水、千岛湖引水等重大水利基础设施建设，显著增加了可用湖库淡水资源，提升了饮用水水源安全。同时，研究显示，全国湖库透明度明显上升，氮磷营养盐和生化需氧量显著下降，溶解氧显著上升，表明湖库水质持续改善。
这使得越来越多的湖库被遴选作为市县级集中式饮用水水源地。2023年，全国3441个市县级集中式饮用水水源地中，40.8%来自湖库，32.6%来自河流，26.6%来自地下水。从2016年到2023年，全国29个省、自治区和直辖市湖库型水源地占比明显增加，湖库作为集中式饮用水水源地作用更加凸显，使得5.614亿城市居民获得改善的饮用水源，而2004年为3.034亿。
研究结果彰显水库建设、跨区域和跨流域调水以及湖库水质改善共同促进湖库成为最重要的集中式饮用水水源地。不过，值得关注的是，从2000年到2010年，全国范围内的藻华发生率激增了113.7%，对饮用水源地安全构成了严峻挑战。幸运的是，在过去的四年里，藻华已经明显减轻。研究者表示，未来持续改善湖库水质，防范藻类水华发生，对于降低水生态环境灾害风险和实现饮用水安全供给至关重要。（来源：betway体育:科学报 冯丽妃）
相关论文信息：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.018
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